Representações sociais do autocuidado na percepção de homens com diabetes / Representaciones sociales del autocuidado en la percepción de hombres con diabetes / Social representations of self-care in the perception of men with diabetes

RESUMO Objetivo: compreender as representações sociais de homens com diabetes sobre o seu autocuidado. Método: abordagem processual das representações sociais com amostra por tipicidade (n=50), composta de homens atendidos num serviço ambulatorial mineiro. Coletaram-se dados de caracterização e realizaram-se entrevistas individuais em profundidade durante três meses. Foram tratados os dados, usando softwares SPPS versão 26, NVivo Pro11® e Iramuteq com análise de conteúdo (coeficiente de Pearson ≥0,70), e atendidos os requisitos ético-legais. Resultados: idade predominante ≥50 anos. Emergiram dos discursos duas categorias: 1) Possibilidade do diabetes: atitudes adotadas ou negligenciadas - enfocando adequações em hábitos alimentares; 2) Diabetes e autocuidado: prática social do cuidado enfocando a necessidade de controle da alimentação e prática de atividade física, visando à prevenção de complicações associadas. Conclusão: a adesão/negligência ao autocuidado evidenciadas remetem à necessidade de fortalecimento dos sistemas de apoio ao grupo referente às ações de prevenção de doença e promoção da saúde, visando a controle dos fatores de risco modificáveis e dos níveis glicêmicos e diagnóstico precoce para o adiamento/manejo das possíveis complicações.

RESUMEN Objetivo: comprender las representaciones sociales de hombres con diabetes sobre su autocuidado. Método: enfoque procesal de las representaciones sociales con muestreo por conveniencia (n=50), compuesta de hombres atendidos en un servicio ambulatorio de Minas Gerais-Brasil. Se recogieron datos de caracterización y se realizaron entrevistas individuales en profundidad durante tres meses. Fueron tratados los datos, usando softwares SPPS versión 26, NVivo Pro11® e Iramuteq con análisis de contenido (coeficiente de Pearson ≥0,70), y atendidos los requisitos ético-legales. Resultados: edad predominante ≥50 años. Surgieron, de los discursos, dos categorías: 1) Posibilidad de la diabetes: actitudes adoptadas u olvidadas - enfocando adecuaciones en hábitos alimenticios; 2) Diabetes y autocuidado: práctica social del cuidado enfocando la necesidad de control de la alimentación y práctica de actividad física, teniendo por objetivo la prevención de complicaciones asociadas. Conclusión: la adhesión/negligencia evidenciada al autocuidado remiten a la necesidad de fortalecimiento de los sistemas de apoyo al grupo referente a las acciones de prevención de enfermedad y promoción de la salud, buscando controlar los factores de riesgo modificables y los niveles glucémicos y diagnóstico precoz para el aplazamiento/manejo de las posibles complicaciones.

ABSTRACT Objective: to understand the social representations of men with diabetes concerning their self-care. Method: a procedural approach to social representations with sampling by typicity (N=50), composed of men treated in an outpatient service in Minas Gerais. The study collected characterization data and performed in-depth individual interviews for three months. The data were processed using the software SPPS version 26, NVivo Pro11®, and Iramuteq with content analysis (Pearson's coefficient ≥0.70), and ethical-legal requirements were met. Results: predominant age of 50 years. Two categories emerged from speeches: 1) possibility of diabetes: attitudes adopted or neglected - focusing on adjustments in eating habits; 2) Diabetes and self-care: social practice of care focusing on the need for food control and practice of physical activity, aimed at preventing complications associated. Conclusion: the adherence/neglect to self-care evidenced refer to the need to strengthen the support systems to the group regarding the actions of disease prevention and health promotion, aiming at control of modifiable risk factors and glycaemic levels and early diagnosis for the postponement/management of possible complications.

Automedicación en pacientes mayores de 60 con enfermedades neurológicas / Self-Medication in Patients Older than Sixty Years and with Neurologic Diseases

Introducción: La automedicación es un fenómeno creciente y ha sido considerado un problema de salud pública en la actualidad. Objetivo: Estimar el nivel de automedicación relacionado con el retraso diagnóstico de pacientes con enfermedades neurológicas y los factores asociados a esta táctica de autocuidado. Métodos: Se proyectó un estudio observacional de corte transversal, en el que se incluyeron 102 pacientes y 100 familiares pertenecientes al municipio Plaza de la Revolución, atendidos en consulta de Neurología del Instituto de Neurología y Neurocirugía, con diagnóstico de enfermedades neurológicas, durante el período de un año (junio 2018-junio2019). Resultados: Del total de pacientes, 45,1 por ciento manifestó automedicarse, fue más frecuente en mujeres (63,1 por ciento), con predominio en pacientes no universitarios (90 por ciento) y amas de casa (54,3 por ciento). El síntoma principal que motivó la automedicación fue la cefalea (30,4 por ciento), y los analgésicos no opioides fue el grupo de mayor consumo (23,9 por ciento). La latencia al diagnóstico de enfermedades neurológicas en el grupo de automedicados fue entre 10 a 19 meses mayor que en los no automedicados. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye una práctica muy frecuente, lo cual produjo el retraso diagnóstico y terapéutico de diversas enfermedades neurológicas de baja incidencia, dando al traste con una evolución adecuada de ellas(AU)

Introduction: Self-medication is a growing phenomenon and, today, has been considered a public health concern. Objective: To estimate the level of self-medication related to the diagnostic delay of patients with neurological diseases and the factors associated with this self-care tactic. Methods: An observational and cross-sectional study was designed, in including 102 patients and one hundred relatives from Plaza de la Revolución Municipality, who received attention, during a one-year period (June 2018-June 2019), in the neurology consultation of the Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery, and had a diagnosis of neurological diseases. Results: Of the total number of patients, 45.1 percent manifested to medicate themselves; it was more frequent in women (63.1 percent), with a predominance in non-university patients (90 percent) and housewives (54.3 percent). The main symptom that motivated self-medication was headache (30.4 percent), while nonopioid analgesics made up the group with the highest consumption (23.9 percent). Latency regarding the diagnosis of neurological diseases in the self-medicated group was between ten and nineteen months higher than in the non-self-medicated group. Conclusions: Self-medication is a very frequent practice, which caused the diagnostic and therapeutic delay of various neurological diseases of low incidence, ruining their adequate evolution(AU)

Diabetes self-management education interventions in the WHO African Region: A scoping review.

INTRODUCTION: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is one of the commonest chronic diseases worldwide. Self-Management Education (SME) is regarded as a critical element of treatment for all people with diabetes, as well as those at risk of developing the condition. While a great variety of diabetes self-management education (DSME) interventions are available in high-income countries, limited information exists on educational programs for the prevention and management of diabetes complications in Africa. This study, therefore, aimed at synthesizing information in the literature to describe the state of the science of DSME interventions in the WHO African Region. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study is a scoping review, which followed the standard PRISMA guidelines for conducting and reporting scoping reviews. A systematic keyword and subject headings searches were conducted on six electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, MEDLINE, EMBASE, PsychINFO and the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials) to identify relevant English language publications on DSME from 2000 through 2020. Titles and abstracts of the search results were screened to select eligible papers for full text reading. All eligible papers were retrieved and full text screening was done by three independent reviewers to select studies for inclusion in the final analysis. RESULTS: Nineteen studies were included in the review. The interventions identified were individually oriented, group-based, individually oriented & group-based, and information technology-based DSME programs. Outcomes of the interventions were mixed. While the majority yielded significant positive results on HbA1c, diabetes knowledge, blood pressure, blood sugar and foot care practices; few demonstrated positive outcomes on self-efficacy, BMI, physical activity; self-monitoring of blood glucose, medication adherence, smoking and alcohol consumption. CONCLUSIONS: The limited studies available indicate that DSME interventions in the WHO African Region have mixed effects on patient behaviors and health outcomes. That notwithstanding, the majority of the interventions demonstrated statistically significant positive effects on HbA1c, the main outcome measure in most DSME intervention studies.

Nonfood Prebiotic, Probiotic, and Synbiotic Use Has Increased in US Adults and Children From 1999 to 2018.

BACKGROUND & AIMS: Public interest in pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products is increasing because of interactions between gut microbiota and human health. Our aim was to describe nonfood (from dietary supplements or medication) pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use by US adults and children and reported reasons. METHODS: Using data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), we text-mined dietary supplement and prescription medication labels and ingredients to identify pre-, pro-, and synbiotic products used in the past 30 days. We describe trends in use from 1999 to 2018 (n = 101,199) and prevalence in 2015-2016 and 2017-2018 (n = 19,215) by age groups, sex, ethnicity/race, education, income, self-reported diet and health quality, and prescription gastrointestinal medication use stratified by children (<19 years) and adults (19+ years). RESULTS: Nonfood pre-, pro-, and synbiotic use increased up to 3-fold in recent cycles. Prevalence of use for all ages for prebiotics was 2.4% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.0-2.9), for probiotics was 4.5% (95% CI, 3.5-5.6), and for synbiotics was 1.1% (95% CI, 0.8-1.5). Use was highest among older adults (8.8% [95% CI, 5.4-13.3] among those aged 60-69 years for probiotics), non-Hispanic Whites, those with higher educational attainment and income, those with more favorable self-reported diet or health quality, and those with concurrent prescription gastrointestinal medication use. The top reasons for use were for digestive health and to promote/maintain general health. Less than 30% reported using these products based on a health care provider's recommendation. CONCLUSIONS: One in 20 US adults or children use nonfood pre-, pro-, or synbiotic products, and use has sharply increased in recent years. Most individuals voluntarily take these products for general digestive or overall health reasons.

El autocuidado en los profesionales sanitarios durante la pandemia: una oportunidad para su cultivo / Healthcare professionals self-care in pandemic times: an opportunity for self-development

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Self- management of diabetes mellitus during the Covid-19 pandemic: Recommendations for a resource limited setting.

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged both institutional and self-management of diabetes. The ongoing social distancing and lock downs have negatively impacted to access to care and self-management. METHODS: This is a narrative review of diabetes management in a resource limited setting during the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Electronic databases, namely; Pubmed, CINAHL, EMBASE and Google Scholar were searched for literature. Search terms were "corona virus", "COVID-19", "diabetes self-care", "diabetes self-management education", "DSME", "diabetes self-management", "diabetes self-care in low income countries" and "diabetes management in Zimbabwe". RESULTS: This paper suggests a culturally tailored educational plan on diabetes self-management of diabetes in a limited resource country, Zimbabwe, amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic. Components of health education comprised general preventive measures, medications, diet, physical activity, self-monitoring of blood glucose, stress management, foot care, smoking and drinking and preventing complications of diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS: We have reemphasized the need for self-care, social support and a collaborative, patient-centered approach to care amid the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic.

Storytelling as instrument of communication in healthcontexts / Storytelling como instrumento de comunicación en contextosde salud

Storytelling (ST) has emerged as an instrument that helps us in the learning and management of the disease, by taking advantage of the teachings transmitted by other patients who have gone through the same illness: sharing experiences. It requires an interaction between the one who relates (implicit emotional and corporal language: visual, auditory and gestural) and the listener, allowing the listener to conceptualize and create more valuable ideas. The use of ST can serve as a means, establishing a network of trust and equality among participants, allowing a way of expression that would eliminate the stigmatization of suffering from a disease. In addition, telling stories can be a vehicle that breaks resistance to the messages promoting a healthy lifestyle, or that dilutes them to face behavioral changes facilitating the incorporation of new behaviors that improve health or overcome the disease. ST facilitates support for the disease by allowing the patient to examine their emotions and problem-solving strategies, set objectives and exchange social support. With this article we intended to conduct a review of empirical studies on ST and health education, considering contexts, purposes, learning, attitudes and behaviors improvements related to the use of this tool of communication

Lo que podríamos denominar "contar historias", Storytelling (ST), se ha convertido en un instrumento que nos ayuda en el aprendizaje y el manejo de la enfermedad, aprovechando las enseñanzas transmitidas por otros pacientes que han pasado por la misma enfermedad: compartiendo experiencias. Requiere una interacción entre el relator (lenguaje emocional y corporal implícito: visual, auditivo y gestual) y el oyente, lo que le permite conceptualizar y crear ideas más valiosas. El uso de ST puede servir como un medio, estableciendo una red de confianza e igualdad entre los participantes, permitiendo una forma de expresión que eliminaría la estigmatización del sufrimiento de una enfermedad. Además, contar historias puede ser un vehículo que rompa la resistencia a los mensajes que promueven un estilo de vida saludable, o que los diluya para enfrentar cambios conductuales que faciliten la incorporación de nuevos comportamientos que mejoren la salud o superen la enfermedad. ST facilita el apoyo a la enfermedad al permitir al paciente examinar sus emociones y estrategias de resolución de problemas, establecer objetivos e intercambiar apoyo social. Con este artículo intentamos realizar una revisión de estudios empíricos sobre ST y educación para la salud, considerando contextos, propósitos, aprendizaje, actitudes y mejoras de comportamiento relacionadas con el uso de esta herramienta de comunicación

Do Self-healing and Self-care Mean the Same Thing?

This brief essay begins the conversation of whether self-healing and self-care, terms that have been used independently and together, do indeed mean the same thing. To support a holistic approach to nursing and patient-centered care, nursing professionals and educators should be familiar with self-healing processes and self-care acts.

Fatores associados à prática de atividade física de idosos diabéticos da atenção básica / Factors associated with the practice of physical activity in older diabetic primary care patients

OBJETIVO: Avaliar o conhecimento científico produzido em relação aos fatores associados à prática de atividade física de idosos diabéticos assistidos na atenção primária à saúde no Brasil. MÉTODOS: Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa, e a busca por estudos ocorreu de forma on-line, sendo incluídos artigos originais da língua portuguesa, inglesa ou espanhola, publicados de outubro de 2008 a setembro de 2018, nas bases de dados Medical Literature and Retrieval System Online (MEDLINE), Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde (LILACS) e Scopus. Os descritores utilizados foram: idosos, diabetes mellitus, exercícios e atenção primária à saúde. A qualidade metodológica dos artigos foi avaliada por meio de dois instrumentos: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme e Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. Após análise, quatro artigos foram incluídos. RESULTADOS: Não foram encontrados artigos com amostras constituídas apenas de idosos, e somente um deles fazia uma análise diferenciada para essa faixa etária, chamando atenção para a necessidade de estudos abordando idosos diabéticos, por causa das especificidades desses indivíduos. Nenhum dos artigos fez uso de instrumentos para avaliação da atividade física. CONCLUSÃO: A prática da atividade física esteve associada à melhora da qualidade de vida, do autocuidado e da adesão ao tratamento do diabetes mellitus, evidenciando a importância do aconselhamento dessa prática por meio dos profissionais de saúde. Fatores como frequência e tipo da prática de atividade física não foram verificados nos estudos, o que destaca a necessidade do uso de instrumentos para a sua avaliação.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the scientific knowledge produced in relation to the factors associated to the practice of physical activity of older diabetic primary care patients in Brazil. METHODS: It involved an on-line research including original articles published between October 2008 and September 2018 in Portuguese, English, and Spanish, from the databases: Medline, Lilacsand Scopus. The keywords used were elderly, diabetes mellitus, exercise, and primary health care. The methodological quality of the articles was evaluated by means of two instruments: Critical Appraisal Skills Programme and Hierarchy of Evidence for Intervention Studies. After analysis, four articles were included. RESULTS: No articles were found with samples consisting only of older people, and only one of them made an exclusive analysis for this age group. There is a need for studies addressing the older diabetic individuals, due to the specificities of this population. None of the articles made use of instruments for physical activity evaluation. CONCLUSION: The practice of physical activity was associated to an improvement in quality of life, self-care, and adherence to treatment for diabetes mellitus, highlighting the importance of professional counseling. Factors such as frequency and type of physical activity were not verified in the studies, which highlights the need for the use of instruments for this evaluation.

Trends in diabetes self-management education: where are we coming from and where are we going? A narrative review.

AIMS: To summarize the history, development and efficacy of diabetes self-management education on glycaemic control and mental health in adults and children or adolescents with type 1 diabetes and people with type 2 diabetes. A further aim was to review the status of implementation of diabetes self-management education into routine care and outline current gaps in implementation and research. METHODS: We searched PubMed and Google scholar for German- and English-language articles regarding diabetes self-management education, glycaemic control and mental health, and restricted this search to meta-analyses. RESULTS: Diabetes education has evolved from a compliance- and knowledge-oriented approach to an empowerment- and self-management-oriented approach. Diabetes self-management education seems to have a greater impact on glycaemic outcomes than on mental health outcomes, but the latter are rarely assessed. Technological development and digitalization can provide chances and challenges for diabetes self-management education. Digital solutions show promising results and great potential for improving the efficacy of diabetes self-management education further and providing ongoing support. The implementation of diabetes self-management education into routine clinical care frequently remains a challenge. CONCLUSION: Diabetes self-management education has been acknowledged as an essential part of diabetes therapy; however, current gaps regarding the efficacy of diabetes self-management education on mental health, and the need for education on the use of diabetes technology, are future avenues for research.

Prevalence and trends in dietary supplement use among US adults with diabetes: the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys, 1999-2014.

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate overall prevalence and trends of use of any supplements, multivitamins/multiminerals (MVMM), individual vitamins, minerals, and non-vitamin, non-mineral (NVNM) supplements among adults with diabetes in the USA. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS: We used a nationally representative sample from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey collected between 1999 and 2014. Information on supplement use in the preceding 30 days was collected during interview over 8 continuous 2-year waves. To account for the complex sampling design, weighted analyses were conducted among 6688 US adults with diabetes aged 20-85 years and also stratified by age, sex, race/ethnicity, education, comorbidity status, and diabetes duration. RESULTS: Overall, the prevalence of any supplement use (52%-58%; P for trend=0.08) and that of any mineral use (47%-51%; P for trend=0.23) seemed stable over the years studied. Reported use of MVMM slightly decreased from 36% to 32% (P for trend=0.006). Use of any vitamin products significantly increased from 47% to 52% (P for trend=0.03). Use of some individual supplements, especially vitamin D, choline, lycopene, and fish oil supplements, significantly increased, while some vitamins, minerals and NVNM supplements decreased over the years. In addition, the trend of any supplement use varied by age, sex, race/ethnicity, or education, but not by diabetes duration or diabetic comorbidities. CONCLUSIONS: Among US patients with diabetes, use of any dietary supplements or any minerals remained stable, while MVMM use slightly decreased and use of any vitamins increased. Additionally, use of several individual supplements varied significantly over the 16-year period studied.

Motivation: key to a healthy lifestyle in people with diabetes? Current and emerging knowledge and applications.

AIM: Motivation to take up and maintain a healthy lifestyle is key to diabetes prevention and management. Motivations are driven by factors on the psychological, biological and environmental levels, which have each been studied extensively in various lines of research over the past 25 years. Here, we analyse and reflect on current and emerging knowledge on motivation in relation to lifestyle behaviours, with a focus on people with diabetes or obesity. Structured according to psychological, (neuro-)biological and broader environmental levels, we provide a scoping review of the literature and highlight frameworks used to structure motivational concepts. Results are then put in perspective of applicability in (clinical) practice. RESULTS: Over the past 25 years, research focusing on motivation has grown exponentially. Social-cognitive and self-determination theories have driven research on the key motivational concepts 'self-efficacy' and 'self-determination'. Neuro-cognitive research has provided insights in the processes that are involved across various layers of a complex cortical network of motivation, reward and cognitive control. On an environmental - more upstream - level, motivations are influenced by characteristics in the built, social, economic and policy environments at various scales, which have provided entry points for environmental approaches influencing behaviour. CONCLUSIONS: Current evidence shows that motivation is strongly related to a person's self-efficacy and capability to initiate and maintain healthy choices, and to a health climate that supports autonomous choices. Some approaches targeting motivations have been shown to be promising, but more research is warranted to sustainably reduce the burden of diabetes in individuals and populations.

Living with diabetes: literature review and secondary analysis of qualitative data.

AIM: To review the published qualitative literature on the lived experience of people with diabetes, describe the emerging findings and research methods over the last 25 years, and make recommendations for future research. METHODS: We describe a 'Next-Generation' mixed-method approach to reporting qualitative data that combines the advantages of traditional qualitative analysis (assessing depth of meaning from participants themselves) with those of descriptive analysis (assessing breadth and representativeness). We used our Next-Generation approach to conduct a secondary analysis of qualitative data derived from a systematic search of PubMed. A formal coding scheme was developed and systematically applied to 2050 respondent quotations contained in the 74 selected articles; inter-rater agreement was high (κ = 0.90). Quotations were aggregated at the level of the article and reported to assess both narratives and numerical counts of the data. RESULTS: The rate of qualitative research on the lived experience of diabetes has increased over the last 25 years. Both positive and negative aspects of lived experience were reported, although the former was less common. Data from many different populations were reported, but most studies emphasized breadth of coverage over depth. Some findings are well established and there is little benefit to repeating these studies. Best practices of qualitative methodology were often not utilized. CONCLUSIONS: The amount of qualitative research in diabetes is substantial and increasing. We recommend that future research be focused on specific understudied topics rather than repeating existing research. We also provide recommendations for how qualitative study methodology can be improved by implementing the Next-Generation approach.

State of the art: understanding and integration of the social context in diabetes care.

We review the past 25 years of research addressing challenges people living with diabetes experience in their daily lives related to social contexts, i.e. in their family, at work and in society at large, and identify research gaps. We found that young people with diabetes, as they develop through to adulthood, are exposed to considerable risks to their physical and mental health. Family-system interventions have had mixed outcomes. Research in this area would benefit from attention to ethnic/cultural diversity, and involving fathers and other family members. In adults with diabetes, social support relates to better diabetes outcomes. While family member involvement in care is likely to affect health and psychosocial outcomes of the person with diabetes, key elements and mediators of effective family interventions need to be identified. The challenges of diabetes management at work are under-researched; distress and intentional hyperglycaemia are common. When depression is comorbid with diabetes, there are increased work-related risks, e.g. unemployment, sickness absence and reduced income. Research to support people with diabetes at work should involve colleagues and employers to raise awareness and create supportive environments. Stigma and discrimination have been found to be more common than previously acknowledged, affecting self-care, well-being and access to health services. Guidance on stigma-reducing choice of language has been published recently. Resilience, defined as successful adaptation to adversity such as stigma and discrimination, requires studies relevant to the specific challenges of diabetes, whether at diagnosis or subsequently. The importance of the social context for living well with diabetes is now fully recognized, but understanding of many of the challenges, whether at home or work, is still limited, with much work needed to develop successful interventions.

Factors influencing pharmacists' over-the-counter drug recommendations.

BACKGROUND: Self-care is a growing trend all over the world, and pharmacists have a major role in it since they are the most easily accessible medical experts. OBJECTIVES: Our aim was to investigate factors influencing pharmacists' over-the-counter (OTC) drugs recommendations in Croatia. SETTING: A random sample of 565 (50%) of all pharmacies in Croatia. METHODS: A cross-sectional study with a five-point Likert scale online questionnaire covering medical and non-medical factors influencing OTC drug recommendation was distributed in October 2017 to a random sample of pharmacies. RESULTS: 206/565 (response rate 36.5%) responses were collected. The most important factors influencing pharmacists' recommendation were: composition of the OTC product and its active component (4.76±0.47), scientific evidence of effectiveness (4.54±0.60), feedback from the patients (4.32±0.61) and information from professional journals (4.22±0.67). On average, medical factors had greater importance (4.5±0.58) for pharmacists' OTC recommendation than marketing (3.18±0.84) and social factors (3.15±0.79). Female pharmacists appeared less inclined to recommend an OTC product based on advice of other pharmacists (OR=0.61, CI=0.43 to 0.86, p=0.005) and pharmacists working directly in a pharmacy attached more importance to active components of OTC products during their OTC product counselling (OR=2.28, CI=0.92 to 5.65, p=0.03). CONCLUSION: It is vital to know that pharmacists' OTC recommendations are mainly influenced by medical factors and to a lesser degree by marketing and social factors.

Early Self-directed Home Exercise Program After Anterior Cervical Discectomy and Fusion: A Pilot Study.

STUDY DESIGN: Pilot randomized controlled trial. OBJECTIVE: To examine the acceptability and preliminary safety and outcome effects of an early self-directed home exercise program (HEP) performed within the first 6 weeks after anterior cervical discectomy and fusion (ACDF). SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA: Little is known regarding optimal postoperative management after ACDF. METHODS: Thirty patients (mean ±â€Šstandard deviation, age = 50.6 ±â€Š11.0 years, 16 women) undergoing ACDF were randomized to receive an early HEP (n = 15) or usual care (n = 15). The early HEP was a 6-week self-directed program with weekly supportive telephone calls to reduce pain and improve activity. Treatment acceptability was assessed after the intervention period (6 weeks after surgery). Safety (adverse events, radiographic fusion, revision surgery) was determined at routine postoperative visits. Disability (Neck Disability Index), pain intensity (Numeric Rating Scale for neck and arm pain), physical and mental health (SF-12), and opioid use were assessed preoperatively, and at 6 weeks and 6 and 12 months after surgery by an evaluator blinded to group assignment. RESULTS: Participants reported high levels of acceptability and no serious adverse events with the early HEP. No difference in fusion rate was observed between groups (P > 0.05) and no participants underwent revision surgery. The early self-directed HEP group reported lower 6-week neck pain than the usual care group (F = 3.3, P = 0.04, r = 0.3, mean difference = -1.7 [-3.4; -0.05]) and lower proportion of individuals (13% vs. 47%) using opioids at 12 months (P = 0.05). No other between-group outcome differences were observed (P > 0.05). CONCLUSION: An early self-directed HEP program was acceptable to patients and has the potential to be safely administered to patients immediately after ACDF. Benefits were noted for short-term neck pain and long-term opioid utilization. However, larger trials are needed to confirm safety with standardized and long-term radiograph assessment and treatment efficacy. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: 2.

Atenção integral à saúde do adolescente pela Atenção Primária à Saúde no território brasileiro: uma revisão integrativa / Comprehensive health care of teenagers by the Primary Health Care in the Brazilian territory: an integrative review / Atención integral a la salud del adolescente por la Atención Primaria de la Salud en el territorio brasileño: una revisión integradora

A adolescência, fase de transformações biopsicossociais, requer da Atenção Primária à Saúde (APS) um modelo de cuidado à saúde abrangente, integral e promotor da saúde e da autonomia, aspectos abordados nesta revisão. Objetivou-se sistematizar experiências de cuidado ao adolescente pela APS. Realizou-se uma revisão integrativa nas bases de dados da Biblioteca Virtual em Saúde e Biblioteca Eletrônica Científica Online, selecionando-se 21 artigos publicados entre 2008 a 2019. Os dados foram interpretados pela análise temática de conteúdo. Observaram-se estigmas no cuidado ao adolescente; lacunas na formação profissional; acolhimento centrado na enfermagem; fragilidades dos vínculos; escassez de recursos estruturais e humanos; ações educativas, porém normativas; fragmentação das práticas; e barreiras de acesso à rede de saúde e intersetorial. Conclui-se, portanto, que, para alcançar um cuidado ampliado, é preciso repensar as práticas e dar voz ao adolescente.(AU)

Adolescence, a phase of biopsychosocial transformations, requires a comprehensive primary health care model that promotes health and autonomy, aspects covered in this review. The objective was to systematize the experiences of care of teenagers by the Primary Health Care. An integrative review was conducted on the Virtual Health Library (BVS) and Scientific Electronic Library Online databases, selecting 21 published papers from 2008 to 2019. Data were interpreted through the thematic content analysis. The following were observed in teenager care: stigmata; gaps in professional education; nursing-focused reception; weakness of bonds; lack of structural and human resources; educational but normative actions; fragmentation of practices; and barriers to the health and intersectoral networks. Therefore, the conclusion is that in order to achieve an expanded care it is necessary to rethink practices and give voice to teenagers.(AU)

La adolescencia, fase de transformaciones biopsicosociales, requiere de la Atención Primaria de la Salud (APS), un modelo de cuidado a la salud incluyente, integral y promotor de la salud y de la autonomía, aspectos abordados en esta revisión. El objetivo fue sistematizar experiencias de cuidado al adolescente por parte de la APS. Se realizó una revisión integradora en las bases de datos Biblioteca Virtual en Salud y Biblioteca Electrónica Científica Online, seleccionándose 21 artículos publicados de 2008 a 2019. Los datos se interpretaron por el análisis temático de contenido. Se observaron estigmas en el cuidado del adolescente; lagunas en la formación profesional; acogida centrada en la enfermería; fragilidades de los vínculos; escasez de recursos estructurales y humanos; acciones educativas, pero normativas; fragmentación de las prácticas y barreras de acceso a la Red de Salud e Intersectorial. Se concluyó, por lo tanto, que para alcanzar un cuidado ampliado es preciso repensar las prácticas y dar voz al adolescente.(AU)

Evaluación y acreditación de las aplicaciones móviles relacionadas con la salud / Evaluation and acreditation of mobile health applications

Las aplicaciones móviles relacionadas con la salud han incrementado su presencia en el mercado y su uso, cada vez más frecuente, forma parte de la vida cotidiana de una gran mayoría de ciudadanos. La tecnología móvil puede suponer una importante innovación en la asistencia médica, ya que pueden ayudar al paciente a tener un control más activo de su enfermedad, dado que se fomenta el autocuidado y el empoderamiento. Sin embargo, el empleo de este tipo de herramientas tecnológicas aún es lento y limitado. En este contexto surgen dudas sobre la calidad, fiabilidad y utilidad clínica de las aplicaciones móviles debido, principalmente, a la falta de evaluación y acreditación de las mismas. En el presente estudio se analizaron las iniciativas más destacadas de evaluación y acreditación de aplicaciones móviles a nivel nacional e internacional, así como las escalas más usadas para evaluar este tipo de tecnología

Mobile applications related to health have increased their presence in the market and their use, increasingly frequent, is part of the daily life of a large majority of citizens. Mobile technology can be an important innovation in medical care, since it can help the patient to have more active control of their disease, because it promotes self-care and empowerment. However, the use of this type of technological tools is still slow and limited.In this situation, questions arise regarding the quality, reliability and clinical utility of mobile applications and a factor that contributes to this uncertainty is related to the lack of evaluation and accreditation of them. This paper analyzed the most outstanding initiatives for the evaluation and accreditation of mobile applications at the national and international level, as well as the most widely used scales to evaluate this type of technology

Education in Diabetes Mellitus for blood glucose self-monitoring: a quasi-experimental study / Educación en Diabetes Mellitus para automonitorización de la glucemia: estudio cuasi-experimental / Educação em Diabetes Mellitus para automonitorização da glicemia: estudo quase-experimental

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the contributions of an educational program for capillary blood glucose self-monitoring. Method: a quasi-experimental study performed in an outpatient unit of a tertiary health care service in a sample of 25 people with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, from July 2016 to December 2017, developed through interactive tools for care with capillary blood glucose self-monitoring. Results: among the items of capillary blood glucose self-monitoring that showed improvement after participation in the educational program, the most noteworthy are the "postprandial blood glucose values" (p=0.0039), "Interpretation of capillary blood glucose results with meals and medications" (p=0.0156), "recognition of the 'weakness' symptom for hyperglycemia" (p=0.0386) and "administration of medications correctly" for hyperglycemia prevention (p=0.0063). Conclusion: the study made it possible to recognize the main characteristics of blood glucose self-monitoring that may contribute to the care for the person with diabetes.

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar las contribuciones de un programa educativo para la automonitorización de la glucemia capilar. Método: el estudio cuasi-experimental, realizado en unidad ambulatoria de un servicio de atención terciaria a la salud, en muestra de 25 personas con Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, en el período de julio de 2016 a diciembre de 2017, desarrollado por medio de herramientas interactivas para el cuidado con la automonitorización de la glucemia capilar. Resultados: entre los ítems de la automonitorización de la glucemia capilar que presentaron mejoría después de la participación en el programa educativo, se destacan los "valores de la glucemia postprandial" (p=0,0039), "Interpretación de los resultados de glucemia capilar con las comidas y medicamentos" (p=0,0156), "reconocimiento del síntoma" debilidad "para la hiperglicemia" (p=0,0386) y "administración de medicamentos correctamente" para prevenir la hiperglucemia (p=0,0063). Conclusión: el estudio posibilitó reconocer las principales características de la automonitorización de la glucemia que pueden contribuir para el cuidado a la persona portadora de la enfermedad.

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar as contribuições de um programa educativo para a automonitorização da glicemia capilar. Método: estudo quase-experimental, realizado em unidade ambulatorial de um serviço de atenção terciária à saúde, em amostra de 25 pessoas com Diabetes Mellitus tipo 2, no período de julho de 2016 a dezembro de 2017, desenvolvido por meio de ferramentas interativas para o cuidado com a automonitorização da glicemia capilar. Resultados: entre os itens da automonitorização da glicemia capilar que apresentaram melhora após a participação no programa educativo, destacam-se os "valores da glicemia pós-prandial" (p=0,0039), "interpretação dos resultados de glicemia capilar com as refeições e medicamentos" (p=0,0156), "reconhecimento do sintoma 'fraqueza' para a hiperglicemia" (p=0,0386) e "administração de medicamentos corretamente" para prevenção da hiperglicemia (p=0,0063). Conclusão: o estudo possibilitou reconhecer as principais características da automonitorização da glicemia que poderão contribuir para o cuidado à pessoa portadora da doença.